Review Section #1- Put your answers on a scratch paper.
1. You are treating a 74-year-old male patient who collapsed at home. He is unresponsive.
His respirations are 6 per minute. What should you do first?
a)Move him to the ambulance and start high concentration oxygen. b)Provide positive pressure ventilations with 100% oxygen. c) Start high concentration oxygen and assess his circulation. d) Give him two ventilations and assess his mental status.
2. Consent based on the theory that the unconscious patient would approve of life saving treatments is called a) applied consent. b) assumed consent. c) expressed consent. d) mutual consent.
3. which part of the initial assessment should be done first? a) Assess breathing. b) Assess mental status. c) Form a general impression. d) Open the airway.
4. If your patient's airway contains blood, vomitus, or secretions: a) use artificial ventilations to clear the airway. b) perform a finger sweep to remove the blockage. c) use suction to immediately clear the airway d) Your patient will still be able to breathe adequately.
5. You should not suction an adult patients airway for longer than: a)15 seconds. b) 12 seconds. c) 10 seconds. d) 5 seconds.
6. Knowing the mechanism of injury may help you predict injury patterns. If you have a patient who has a head injury from a blow to the head, what other injuries might you suspect? a) leg injuries. b) arm injuries. c) chest injuries. d) spinal injuries.
7. Which of the following is a sign of adequate breathing? a) rapid rate. b) bilateral chest rise. c) abdominal breathing. d) all of the above.
8. A patient is entrapped in a vehicle at the scene of a car crash. Through the windshield, you observe that the patient's skin is growing pale and sweaty. You immediately suspect the patient is suffering from: a) shock b) stroke. c) a heart attack. d) exposure to cold.
9. pediatric airways differ from adult airways in that: a) the child's tongue takes up proportionately less space. b) the trachea is more rigid. c)all of the structures are smaller and more easily obstructed. d) all of the above.
10. Your patient is found lying on the ground after falling off a roof.
Due to the the patient's mechanism of injury you would open airway by what method?
a) head-tilt, only. ,
b) head-tilt, neck-lift.
c) head-tilt, chin-lift.
d) jaw thrust.
11. A properly handled patient's refusal of medical aid or transport should include all of the following EXCEPT: a) informing the patient of the risks and consequences of a refusal. b) complete and accurate documentation on the patient care report. c) a credible witness to the patient's signature. d) a family members signature as well as the patients signature.
12. You are treating a 27-year-old male who is unconscious.
He is not breathing and you have determined that the airway is blocked. What should you do first?
a) perform the Heimlich maneuver b) Insert a nasal airway.
c) Begin positive pressure ventilations.
d) Administer high concentration oxygen.
13. To select the proper size oropharyngeal airway, you should measure from the patient's: a) corner of the mouth to tip of the nose. b) tip of the chin to angle of the jaw. C) corner of the mouth to the tip of the earlobe. d) center of the mouth to tip of the earlobe.
14. In the adult patient, a pulse rate above 100 is called: a) tachycardia b)normal. c)bradycardia. d)irregular.
15. At a crime scene you should: a) use the phone at the scene rather than your radio to contact police. b) protect the scene by closing all open doors and windows. c) proceed with care disturbing the scene only as needed. d) delay care until police have photographed the scene.
16. You are treating a 28-year-old female who fell 20 feet while roofing a house.
After determining that she is unresponsive, you would immediately:
a) open her airway using a head-tilt chin-lift maneuver.
b) start high concentration oxygen using a nonrebreather mask.
c) log-roll her onto a long spine board.
d)open her airway using the jaw thrust maneuver.
17. The use of accessory muscles and nasal flaring are all signs of: a) normal breathing. b) shallow breathing. c) noisy breathing. d) labored breathing.
18. A reliable way to assess breathing in an unconscious patient is to: a) check skin color. b) Watch the chest rise. c) check capillary refill. d) check the pupils.
19. You arrive at the scene of a building fire.
A very excited bystander is screaming at you that a young woman has been hurt.
You see her lying on the ground under a large piece of wood. The wood is still partially on fire.
What should you do first?
a) Immediately remove her from under the wood.
b)size up the scene
c) Try to put out the fire.
d) Assess the patient for life-threatening injuries.
20. When evaluating the circulation in, an infant, what sign can you assess that would not be considered
reliable in an adult?
a) capillary refill.
b) bleeding.
c) skin color.
d) pulse.
21. Stopping the treatment of a patient without assuring the continuation of treatment at the same level or
higher is referred to as:
a) negligence.
b) abandonment.
c) breach of duty.
d) assault.
22. Which of the following structures is NOT part of the respiratory system? a) mouth. b) esophagus. c) larynx. d) trachea.
23. The type of muscle tissue that controls the flow of materials through the gastrointestinal system is: a) voluntary. b) cardiac. c) skeletal. d) involuntary
24. When assessing the respirations of a pediatric patient, it is important to remember that the
respiratory rate of an infant or child:
a) is basically the same as that of the adult.
b) is usually faster than that of an adult.
c) does not tell you much about the patient's condition.
d) is usually slower than that of an adult.
25. The bones of the lower extremities include: a) acetabulum, calcaneous, and carpals. b) orbit, lumbar, and shin. c) radius, ulna, and humerus. d) femur, tibia, and fibula
26. A normal respiratory rate for an adult at rest is: a) between 6 and 8 per minute. b) between 20 and 24 per minute. c) between 12 and 20 per minute. d) between 8 and 10 per minute.
27. There are several different pulses that pulse you can assess. In an adult patient, which should you try to take first? a) brachial. b) carotid. c) Radial. d) femoral.
28. The most reliable sign that your patient is being adequately ventilated by a bagvalve mask is: a) the patient begins breathing on his own. b) the patient's pupils react. c) the patient regains consciousness. d) the patients chest rises.
29. The musculoskeletal system: a) gives the body shape. b) provides for body movement. c) protects vital internal organs. d) all of the above. ~
30. It is important to evaluate scene safety prior to entering the scene because you need to determine: a) what personal protective equipment you will need. b) what additional resources may be needed. c) the likely mechanism of injury. d) all of the above.
31. You should use a nasal cannula to deliver oxygen to your patient only if: a) your patient requires a high concentration of oxygen. b) your patient is suffering from chest pain. c) your patient is unconscious. d) your patient cannot tolerate a mask.
32. You arrive at the scene of a bar fight. A 25-year-old man has been stabbed and is bleeding severely.
The assailant is still on the scene and is holding a knife. What should you do first?
a) Try to keep the assailant calm while you treat the patient.
b) Retreat to a place of safety and radio for help.
c) Stay where you are but tell the assailant to go away.
d) Take the knife away from the assailant.
33. An adult patient who is breathing at a rate of 6 breaths per minute Needs to be cared for by. a) providing positive pressure ventilation with 100% oxygen. b) beginning chest compressions. c) monitoring respirations only. d) providing high concentration oxygen by a nonrebreather mask.
34. During your scene size-up of a vehicle crash, it is important to determine the number of patients because. a) if there are more patients than your unit can handle additional units must be called. b) you must notify the police of the number of patients. c) you will need to write a prehospital care report for each patient. d) all of the above
35. Duty to act is the obligation to provide emergency care to a patient.
Laws governing duty to act vary from state to state. In ALL states, the EMT-B has a LEGAL duty to act
when he or she is:
a) serving on an ambulance that is dispatched to a call.
b) in a foreign jurisdiction and observes a serious accident.
c) off duty and observes a serious accident.
d) all of the above.
36. During the initial .assessment of your patient, which of the following signs would indicate the patient's airway
is open?
a) Your patient is talking.
b) The patient's respirations are normal.
c) Your patient is crying.
d) all of the above.
37. You are treating a patient with inadequate breathing. To administer the highest concentration of oxygen,
you would use:
a) a nasal cannula at 6 liters/minute flow.
b) a non rebreather at 15 liters/ minute flow.
c) a nasal cannula at 15 liters/minute flow.
d) a nonrebreather mask at 6 liters/minute flow.
38. Which of the following signs would indicate your patient has inadequate breathing? a) breathing rate of 20 per minute. b) equal expansion of both sides of the chest. c) cyanosis of the lips. d) all of the above.
39. A leaf-shaped valve that prevents food from entering the trachea is the: a) pharynx. b) bronchi. c) epiglottis. d) larynx.
40. DNR is an abbreviation for a type of: a) organ donation procedure. b) advanced directive. c) implied consent. d) genetic material.
41. To evaluate the The normal capillary refill in a pediatric patient, press on the child's nail.
pink color to the nail bed should return in no more than:
a) 1 second.
b) 4 seconds.
C) 2 seconds
d) 3 seconds.
42. To assess respiratory rate: a) count for 15 seconds, multiply by 4 b) count for 20 seconds, multiply by 4 c) count for 15 seconds, multiply by 2 d) count for 60 seconds, multiply by 4
43. Unlawful touching of another person without consent is: a) waiver of consent. b) assault. c) negligence. d) implied consent.
44. During your initial assessment you discover a severe leg wound that is bleeding heavily.
After assuring the adequacy of the airway and breathing, you should
a) continue your assessment to find any other injuries.
b) Control the bleeding
c) prepare the patient for immediate transport.
d) start the patient on high concentration oxygen.
45. When assessing the mental status of a patient, AVPU are used. which letter would BEST describe the
patient who does not respond until you shout at best indicate the level of responsiveness?
a) P
b) v
c) U
d) A
46. If a patient is in shock,you would expect the skin to be: a) cool and clammy. b) warm and moist. c) warm and dry. d) hot and dry.
47. Your patient is a, 32-year-old female complaining' of; ,lower leg pain. She is alert and oriented and her respirations are 16. you can see at first glance. There are no obvious injuries. What should you do next? a) Request additional resources. b) continue the initial assessment. c) Start positive pressure ventilations. d) Splint her lower leg.
48. A patient suffering COPD may have developed a "hypoxic drive" in which low oxygen levels stimulate the
body to breathe. In the prehospital setting, for a COPD patient who is suffering chest pain or breathing
difficulty:
a)Oxygen should be administered as to any other patient, regardless of hypoxic drive.
b) oxygen should be administered, but for no longer than 30 seconds at a time.
c) oxygen should be withheld because administering it could wipe out the
patient's drive to breathe.
d) oxygen should be administered, but at a lower-than-normal flow rate.
49. When performing the initial assessment of a responsive adult patient,you should assess the pulse. a) carotid. b) brachial. c) femoral. d) Radial. 50. The major artery in the thigh is called the: a) carotid. b) brachial. c) Femoral. d) radial.
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